Classic Prescription, Kai-Xin-San, Ameliorates Alzheimer’s Disease as an Effective Multitarget Treatment: From Neurotransmitter to Protein Signaling Pathway

Figure 2

KXS treatment ameliorated memory and learning impairment. The mean escape latency (a) and swimming distances (b) were obtained from different test days, and the KXS group spent less time and distances to reach the fourth quadrant platform. Representative rat search paths from different groups (c) were shown on the fifth day. The rats treated with Hup A or KXS showed significantly less escape latency (d), swimming distance (e), and platform crossings (f) to find the removal platform in the fourth quadrant. Impact of KXS on modulating hippocampal NeuN levels was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The fluorescence intensity was quantified using Image-Pro Plus software (g and h). The treatment of KXS showed improvement in spatial memory. Values were the (). , , and vs. the control group; ^#, ^##, and ^###vs. the model group; ^$$vs. the Hup A group. .

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