Metformin Suppresses Self-Renewal Ability and Tumorigenicity of Osteosarcoma Stem Cells via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy

Figure 7

Metformin decreases K7M2 xenograft tumor growth and inhibits lung metastasis in vivo. (a) Metformin suppressed tumorigenicity of K7M2 OSCs in vivo by limited dilution assay. . (b) The tumor formation rate of K7M2 OSCs treated with metformin. (c) The tumor volumes and (d) tumor weights at the end of the experiments. (e) Images of resected tumor xenografts on day 21. . (f) The tumor volumes and (g) the tumor weights at the end of the experiments. (h) Numbers of mice with lung metastasis. (i) H&E staining of lung tissues for metastatic nodules. The arrows represent smaller tumor nodules in the lung. . (j) Immunohistochemical staining of LC3, ATG5, Ki67, Sox2, and Oct4 of three different tumors from each group. . was considered statistically significant.

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