Poor Glycaemic Control Is Associated with Increased Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Table 4

Plasma total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant markers of subgroups with and without good glycaemic control ().

Variable	T2D				PDM				NG ()		^1
	(+) GC ()		(-) GC ()		(+) GC ()		(-) GC ()
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Plasma TAC
FRAP (μmol/L)	773	181	812	177	883	205	813	220	847	215	0.317
TEAC (μmol/L)	1200^a	440	1240^ab	650	1120^c	450	1320^b	446	1400^b	490	0.007
ORAC (μmol/L)	4509^a	15182	4146^a	1299	4594^ab	2051	4476^ab	2093	5156^b	1844	0.004
Antioxidant markers
Uric acid (μmol/L)	288^a	75	278^a	70	384^b	135	429^b	240	387^b	146	0.005
Albumin (g/L)	5.8	1.0	5.8	1.0	5.5	1.2	5.4	1.0	5.7	1.9	0.254
Bilirubin (g/L)	0.90	0.24	0.80	0.22	0.81	0.20	0.90	0.80	0.90	0.80	0.323
Total protein (g/L)	7.1^a	1.4	7.2^a	1.6	8.0^b	1.7	7.6^b	1.8	6.5^c	1.2	0.007

¹One-way ANOVA. Means with the different superscripts in a given row are significantly different (Tukey’s post hoc -test). (+) GC: with good glycaemic control; (-) GC: without good glycaemic control (poor glycaemic control); FRAP: ferric reducing ability of plasma; NG: normoglycaemic; ORAC: oxygen radical absorptive capacity; PDM: prediabetics; TEAC: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; T2D: type 2 diabetics.