Dietary Polyphenols in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Protection against Oxidative Stress and Beyond

Figure 4

NRF2 (NFE2L2, nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2) activation. NRF2 in the cytoplasm is bound with its inhibitor, Keap1, and its amount is regulated by its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. In stress condition, NRF2 is released from its inhibitor and translocates to the nucleus where it can transactivate many genes having the antioxidant response element (ARE), including phase II genes after complexing with a bZIP (basic leucine zipper) protein.