Accelerated Kidney Aging in Diabetes Mellitus

Figure 2

Schematic of accelerated kidney aging in DM and the relationship between kidney aging and systemic aging. In diabetic kidneys, AGE accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertension caused by hyperglycemia-induced metabolic impairment are central to the development and progression of DN and, hence, the acceleration of defining renal aging. In addition, the senescence of DN plays a key role in aging-related pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s, chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema (COPD), muscle atrophy, and osteoporosis.