Honeybush Extracts (Cyclopia spp.) Rescue Mitochondrial Functions and Bioenergetics against Oxidative Injury

Table 1

Phenolic composition (g/100 g extract) of aqueous extracts of Cyclopia subternata, Cyclopia longifolia, and Cyclopia genistoides and a 70% ethanolic extract of C. genistoides.

Compounds	C. subternata	C. longifolia	C. genistoides
	Water	Water	Water	70% EtOH
Benzophenones
Maclurin-di-O,C-hexoside (MDH)^a	nd	nd	0.079	0.061
3-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone (IDG)	1.67	0.700	1.78	1.41
3-β-D-Glucopyranosylmaclurin (MMG)	nd	nd	0.400	0.373
3-β-D-Glucopyranosyliriflophenone (IMG)	0.536	0.076	1.52	1.12
Total benzophenones	2.21	0.776	3.77	2.97
Xanthones
Tetrahydroxyxanthone-di-O,C-hexoside A (THXA)^b	nq	0.168	nq	nq
Tetrahydroxyxanthone-di-O,C-hexoside B (THXB)^b	nq	0.133	nq	nq
Mangiferin	1.16	6.38	6.86	9.66
Isomangiferin	0.458	1.84	1.97	2.36
Total xanthones	1.62	8.53	8.83	12.0
Flavones
Vicenin-2	0.182	0.192	0.498	0.524
Scolymoside	1.84	0.497	nq	nq
Total flavones	2.02	0.690	0.498	0.524
Dihydrochalcones
3-Hydroxyphloretin-di-C-hexoside (HPDH)^c	0.458	nq	nq	nq
3,5-Di-β-D-glucopyranosylphloretin (PDG)	1.22	nq	nq	nq
Total dihydrochalcones	1.67	0.000	0.000	0.000
Flavanones
Eriodictyol-O-hexoside-O-deoxyhexoside (EHD)^d	nd	0.186	0.297	0.195
(2R)-5-O-[α-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]naringenin (2RNAR)^e	nd	0.028	0.146	0.051
(2S)-5-O-[α-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]naringenin (2SNAR)	nd	0.087	0.397	0.444
Eriocitrin	0.536	0.310	nq	nq
Hesperidin	1.43	0.839	0.988	1.73
Total flavanones	1.96	1.45	1.83	2.42
Total quantified phenolics	9.48	11.5	14.9	17.9
Total polyphenols (Folin-Ciocalteau)^f	25.5	23.7	25.3	27.8

^aExpressed as MMG equivalents. ^bExpressed as mangiferin equivalents. ^cExpressed as PDG equivalents. ^dExpressed as eriocitrin equivalents. ^eExpressed as 2SNAR equivalents. ^fExpressed as g gallic acid equivalents/100 g extract. nd: not detected using LC-MS; nq: present in extract, but not quantified due to coelution of very low content.