The Emerging Role of Senescence in Ocular Disease

Table 1

In vitro senescence models.

Senescence model	Abbreviation	Method of induction	References
Replicative senescence (RS)	RS	Short telomeres, linked to excess rounds of cell division	[2, 37]
Stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS)	SIPS	H2O2, t-BH, cytokines, oxidizing agents, hyperoxia, copper, UV irradiation	[37–39, 64, 65]
DNA damage response- (DDR-) induced senescence	DDR	Bleomycin or doxorubicin, gamma irradiator	[37]
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS)	OIS	Activation and/or overexpression of oncogenes	[69, 76]
Mitochondrial dysfunction-associated senescence (MiDAS)	MiDAS	Inhibiting mitochondrial SIRT3	[74]
Epigenetically induced senescence	EIS	5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine, sodium butyrate, trichostatin A, curcumin, C646, BRD4770	[27, 77–79]