Integrative Analysis of Lipid Profiles in Plasma Allows Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering in Children with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity

Figure 1

Integrated analysis across groups. (a) Profile of PL- and CE-FAs, cytokines and irisin concentrations, and anthropometric data. A principal component analysis confirms the overall clusters shown in the heat map showing the clustering of the children. With NW (blue), MHO (green), and MUO (red). The squares in the heat map enlighten the cluster of factors increasing in each group. (b) Top 25 most significant variables. The range is shown. (c–g) Selected variables. Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests were performed. Statistical difference vs. NW is represented with ; vs. MHO with ^#, and vs. MUO with ^&. AA: arachidonic acid; CE: cholesteryl ester; CMR: cardiometabolic risk; D6D: delta-6-desaturase; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; GLA: ɣ-linoleic acid; IL-: Interleukin-; MHO: metabolically healthy obesity; MUO: metabolically unhealthy obesity; NW: normal weight; BMIp: body mass index percentile; PC: principal component; PL: phospholipid; WCp: waist circumference percentile; TG: triglycerides.

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