Amarogentin from Gentiana rigescens Franch Exhibits Antiaging and Neuroprotective Effects through Antioxidative Stress

Figure 5

Neuroprotection effect of amarogentin on the H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage in the PC12 cells. (a) Relative viability of the PC12 cells after treatment with H₂O₂ at different concentrations for 1 h. With an increase in H₂O₂ concentration, survival rates decreased significantly compared with the control group. (b) Neuronal protection of amarogentin at 1, 3, and 10 μM with or without the H₂O₂ stimulation. (c) Effect of amarogentin with or without H₂O₂-induced on ROS production in PC12 cells as detected by fluorescence microplate reader. (d) Photomicrographs of PC12 cells stained with DCFH-DA under a fluorescence microscope. Control (A), RES (10 μM) (B), amarogentin (1 μM) (C), amarogentin (3 μM) (D), amarogentin (10 μM) (E), H₂O₂-treated control (F), H₂O₂+RES (10 μM) (G), H₂O₂+amarogentin (1 μM) (H), H₂O₂+amarogentin (3 μM) (I), and H₂O₂+amarogentin (10 μM) (J); scale bar, 20 μm. The levels of MDA content (e), total SOD activities (f), SOD2 activities (g), and SOD1 activities (h) were measured by corresponding assay kits. The PC12 cells were pretreated with RES (10 μM) and different concentrations of amarogentin (1, 3, and 10 μM) for 24 h and then subjected to H₂O₂ (0.9 mM) for 1 h or treated with RES (10 μM) and amarogentin (1, 3, and 10 μM) alone for 24 h. Experiments were repeated thrice, and the data were presented as . , , and compared with the control group; , , compared with the H₂O₂-treated group (grey color bar).

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