The Estimation of Blood Paramagnetic Center Changes during Burns Management with Biodegradable Propolis-Nanofiber Dressing

Table 1

Effects of management with biodegradable propolis-nanofiber dressing on each wound healing stage.

Hemostasis and inflammatory phase	Proliferative phase	Tissue remodelling phase
(i) Early phase of inflammation begins when the wound develops, lasts 4-6 days; (ii) Trauma causes peripheral blood platelets and neutrophils to migrate to the injury, forming a fibrin clot to end bleeding, and the inflammatory stage of the healing cascade begins; (iii) Increased free radical formation appears as a result of the local tissue damage and a systemic inflammatory response	(i) Lasts another 3-10 days postinjury; (ii) Fibroblasts, endothelial cells and epithelial cells migrate into the wound bed; (iii) Granulation tissue formation—fibroblasts proliferate and synthesize new components of extracellular matrix; (iv) Angiogenesis—new blood vessels carry oxygen and nutrients necessary for the metabolism and growth of cells, and confer to the granulation tissue its characteristic red, granular appearance; (v) Covering the wound (reepithelialization)—epithelial cells migrate from the wound bed or margins	(i) Begins about 21 days postinjury and can continue for a year; (ii) Wound contraction and scar tissue formation occurs; (iii) Collagen is remodeled from type III to type I cross-linking of collagen reduces scar thickness and makes the skin area of the wound stronger; (iv) The wound fully closes; (v) The cells that had been used to repair the wound but which are no longer needed are removed by apoptosis
Burns management with PLGA 85/15 dressing with 5% propolis; Day 0; (i) Necrosis at the burn induction site and in the wound area from 3 to 15 mm from the edge; (ii) Intense redness and swelling around the necrotic area; (iii) Exudation, visible tissue at the burn site carbonization	Burns management with PLGA 85/15 dressing with 5% propolis; 10^th day; (i) A thin scab not completely covering the wound area; (ii) The wound is increasingly covered with a thin layer of epidermis; (iii) Bristle growth all over the wound area; (iv) No redness around the wound area	Burns management with PLGA 85/15 dressing with 5% propolis; 21^st day; (i) The wound covered with pink epidermis,; (ii) Significant reduction in the wound surface; (iii) Small fragments of the elastic and protruding scab; (iv) Regrowth bristles visible at the burn induction site; (v) No edema and inflammation around the wound