Short-Chain Fatty Acids Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy via GPR43-Mediated Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and NF-κB Signaling

Figure 4

SCFA treatment partially inhibited oxidative stress and NF-κB activation in high glucose-induced GMCs. (a) The effects of a concentration range of SCFAs or GPR43 agonist on GMC proliferation were analyzed by MTT assay. GMCs were stimulated with 30 mM high glucose in the presence of the indicated concentration of SCFAs or GPR43 agonist for 24 h. ROS (b), MDA (c), MCP-1 (d), and IL-1β (e) in the cell culture supernatant were evaluated by kit. The protein expression of I-κBα, NF-κBp65, p-NF-κBp65, and MCP-1 was assayed by western blotting (f). Ac: acetate group; Pr: propionate group; But: butyrate group; compared with the NC group; ^# compared with the HG group.

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