Proteostasis Failure in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Focus on Oxidative Stress

Figure 2

Different types of autophagy in mammalian cells. Macroautophagy requires sequential steps leading to the formation of autophagosomes. After the fusion of an autophagosome with a lysosome, the cargo is degraded and released to the cytosol. Chaperone-mediated autophagy involves the recognition of substrates (mainly abnormal or damaged proteins) with a KFERQ motif, whereas microautophagy involves direct sequestration of cytoplasmic portions into the lysosome. Modified according to [268].