Olive Leaf Polyphenols Attenuate the Clinical Course of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Provide Neuroprotection by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Regulating Microglia and SIRT1, and Preserving Myelin Integrity

Figure 5

Polyphenols from olive leaf induce the upregulation of Iba-1 in different brain regions (hippocampus, ependyma, subventricular zone (SVZ), and cortex). (a) Representative immunofluorescent pictures show staining with anti-Iba-1 antibody in paraffin-embedded sections of the brain tissue obtained from DA rats: (A–C) untreated, (D–F) with induced EAE and second attack (on the 20^th day postinduction), (G–I) with induced EAE and treated with the therapy of olive leaf (TOL) till the 20^th day postinduction, (J–L) with induced EAE and the second remission (on the 30^th day postinduction), and (M–O) with induced EAE and treated with TOL on the 30^th day postinduction. (b) Iba-1 immunoreactivity in different brain regions. The immunofluorescent staining quantification was performed using Cell F v3.1 software analysis (). Values are expressed as . One-way ANOVA followed by the post hoc Scheffé test: , , and . Scale bars indicate 50 μm.

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