|
| Study (years) | Species (sex, ) | Weight | Random method | Model (method) | Anesthetic | Method of administration | Outcome index (time) | Intergroup differences |
| Experimental group | Control group |
|
| Yang et al. [17] | SD rats (mix, 7/7) | NR | NR | Chronic lead-induced dysmnesia model | CO2 | β-Asarone (2.5, 10, and 40 mg kg-1, ip); from 9 to 11 weeks old; once daily for 3 weeks | Distilled water (same volume, ip); from 9 to 11 weeks old; once daily for 3 weeks | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (swimming speed) | (2) |
| (3) MWM test (time spent in target quadrant) | (3) |
| (4) MWM test (times crossed the platform) | (4) |
| (5) Dendritic spine density | (5) |
|
| Wei et al., 2013 | AβPP/PS1 double-transgenic mice (13/13) | NR | NR | AβPP/PS1 double-transgenic mice | NR | β-Asarone (7 and 21 mg kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 4 months | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 4 months | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) Cell viability | (2) |
|
| Sundaramahalingam et al. [18] | Wister strain albion rats (male, 6/6) | 200-220 g | NR | Noise stress induced memory impairment model | NR | α-Asarone (9 mg kg-1, ip); onset the experiment; once daily for 30 d | Tween 80 (same volume, ip); onset the experiment; once daily for 30 d | (1) RAM test (number of errors) | (1) |
| (2) Hsp 70 mRNA levels | (2) |
| (3) Ache activity | (3) |
| (4) SOD/CAT/GPx activity | (4) |
| (5) VC/VE/GSH levels | (5) |
| (6) G6PD activity | (6) |
| Wister strain albion rats (male, 6/6) | 200-220 g | NR | Noise stress exposed rats | NR | Ethyl acetate extract (50 mg kg-1, ip); onset the experiment; once daily for 30 d | Tween 80 (same volume, ip); onset the experiment; once daily for 30 d | (1) RAM test (number of errors) | (1) |
| (2) Hsp 70 mRNA levels | (2) |
| (3) Ache activity | (3) |
| (4) SOD/CAT/GPx activity | (4) |
| (5) VC/VE/GSH levels | (5) |
| (6) G6PD activity | (6) |
|
| Shin et al. [19] | C57BL/6 mice (male, 12/12) | 25-28 g | NR | LPS-induced cognitive handicap model | NR | α-Asarone (7.5, 15, and 30 mg kg-1, ig); 3 days before the LPS injection; once daily for 3 d | Normal saline (same volume, ig); 3 days before the LPS injection; once daily for 3 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (times crossed the platform) | (2) |
| (3) TNF-α/IL-1β mRNA levels | (3) |
| (4) CA1 neurons count | (4) |
| (5) TUNEL-labeled cells count | (5) |
| (6) BACE1/Iba1 protein expressions | (6) |
|
| Ma et al. [11] | Six-week-old NIH mice (male, 6/6) | 20-25 g | NR | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Sodium pentobarbital | Water extract (20 mg g-1, ig); after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | Normal saline; (same volume, ig); after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) Aβ positive cells count | (2) |
| (3) DCx expression | |
| (4) Nestin positive cells count | (4) |
| Six-week-old NIH mice (male, 6/6) | 20-25 g | NR | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Sodium pentobarbital | Essential oil (20 mg g-1, ig); after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | Normal saline; (same volume, ig); after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) Aβ positive cells count | (2) |
| (3) DCx expression | (3) |
| (4) Nestin positive cells count | (4) |
| Six-week-old NIH mice (male, 6/6) | 20-25 g | NR | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Sodium pentobarbital | Defatted decoction (20 mg g-1, ig); after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | Normal saline; (same volume, ig); after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) Aβ positive cells count | (2) |
| (3) DCx expression | (3) |
| (4) Nestin positive cells count | (4) |
|
| Liu et al. [20] | APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice (male, 11/11) | NR | NR | APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice | Chloral hydrate | β-Asarone (21.2, 42.4, and 84.8 mg kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 2.5 months | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 2.5 months | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (time spent in target quadrant) | (2) |
| (3) MWM test (times crossed the platform) | (3) |
| (4) SYP/GluR1 expression | (4) |
|
| Limón et al. [21] | Wistar rats (male, 8/8) | 230–250 g | NR | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Chloral hydrate | α-Asarone (10 mg kg-1, i.h.); after injection of amyloid-β; once daily for 16 d | Normal saline; (same volume, ig); after injection of amyloid-β; once daily for 16 d | (1) RAM test (percentage of correct responses) | (1) |
| (2) Nitrite levels | (2) |
|
| Li et al. [22] | Wistar rats (female, 7/7) | 150–180 g | NR | D-gal and AlCl3 induced AD model | Sodium pentobarbital | β-Asarone (25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1, i.h.); 28 d after injection of AlCl3 and D-gal; once daily for 14 d | Normal saline; (same volume, i.h); after the first MWM test; once daily for 14 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (time spent in target quadrant) | (2) |
| (3) MWM test (times crossed the platform) | (3) |
| (4) MWM test (swimming speed) | (4) |
| (5) ET-1, eNOS, and APP expression | (5) |
| (6) Lactic acid and pyruvic acid content | (6) |
| (7) Na+- K+ ATPase activity | (7) |
| (8) rCBF | (8) |
|
| Zhang et al. [5] | Aged Kunming mice (male, 10/10) | 40-50 g | NR | Aged mice | NR | Essential oil (0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 g kg-1, orally); onset the experiment; once daily for 15 d | Tween 80 (same volume, orally); onset the experiment; once daily for 15 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| Aged Kunming mice (male, 10/10) | 40-50 g | NR | Scopolamine-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Essential oil (0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 g kg-1, orally); onset the experiment; once daily for 15 d | Tween 80 (same volume, orally); onset the experiment; once daily for 15 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| Aged Kunming mice (male, 10/10) | 40-50 g | NR | Ethanol-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Essential oil (0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 g kg-1, orally); onset the experiment; once daily for 15 d | Tween 80 (same volume, orally); onset the experiment; once daily for 15 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| Aged SD rats (male, 10/10) | 550-650 g | NR | Aged rats | NR | Essential oil (0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 g kg-1, orally); onset the experiment; once daily for 30 d | Tween 80 (same volume, orally); onset the experiment; once daily for 30 d | (1) EY-M test (number of errors) | (1) |
| (2) NE, DA and 5-HT level | (2) |
| (3) AChE activity | (3) |
| (4) |
| Aged SD rats (male, 10/10) | 550-650 g | NR | Sodium nitrite-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Essential oil (0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 g kg-1, orally); onset the experiment; once daily for 30 d | Tween 80 (same volume, orally); onset the experiment; once daily for 30 d | (1) EY-M test (number of errors) | (1) |
| (2) |
|
| Lee et al. [10] | SD rats (male, 5/7) | 250-280 g | NR | MCAO-induced cognitive impairments model | Isoflurane | AGA (100 mg kg-1, po); after occlusion; once daily for 21 d | Normal saline; (same volume, i.h); after occlusion; once daily for 21 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) Cell density | (2) |
|
| Lee et al. [23] | SD rats (male, 7/7) | 200-220 g | NR | Chronic corticosterone-exposed model | Sodium pentobarbital | β-Asarone (50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1, ip); 30 min prior to the CORT; once daily for 21 d | Normal saline; (same volume, ip); 30 min prior to the CORT; once daily for 21 d | (1) MWM test (swimming speed) | (1) |
| (2) serum CORT levels | (2) |
| (3) BDNF and CREB expression | (3) |
| (4) Bax and Bcl-2 mRNAs expression | (4) |
|
| Kumar et al. 2012 | ICR mice (8/8) | NR | NR | Scopolamine-induced amnesic model mode | NR | α-Asarone (3, 10, and 30 mg kg-1, po); 15 d before scopolamine injection; once daily for 15 d | 0.5% methylcellulose solution containing 1% Tween 80 (same volume, po); 15 d before scopolamine injection; once daily for 15 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) AchE activity | (2) |
| (3) MDA levels | (3) |
| (4) SOD activity | (4) |
|
| Kim et al. [25] | SD rats (male, 5/5) | 260–280 g | NR | Ibotenic acid-induced amnesia | Sodium pentobarbital | AGA (100 mg kg-1,ip); after surgery; once daily for 3 weeks | Saline (same volume, ip); after surgery; once daily for 3 weeks | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) ChAT positive neurons count | (2) |
| (3) AchE neurons density | (3) |
|
| Geng et al. [26] | SD rats (male, 20/20) | 220-240 g | NR | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Sodium pentobarbital | β-Asarone (12.5, 25, or 50 mg kg-1, ig); 3 d after Aβ (1-42) hippocampus injection; once daily for 28 d | Saline (same volume, ip); 3 d after Aβ (1-42) hippocampus injection; once daily for 28 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (times crossed the platform) | (2) |
| (3) Annexin V-positive cells | (3) |
| (4) Caspase-3 and Caspase-3 mRNA express | (4) |
| (5) Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA levels | (5) |
| (6) Bcl-w, and Bcl-w mRNA express | (6) |
| (7) P-JNK express | (7) |
|
| Chen et al. [27] | SAMP8 mice (13/13) | NR | NR | SAMP8 mice | NR | β-Asarone (34 mg kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 2 months | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 2 months | (1) MWM test (number of platform crossing) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (escape latency) | (2) |
| (3) LC3-positive cells | (3) |
| (4) Beclin express | (4) |
| (5) 1p62 express | (5) |
| (6) ROCK1 express | (6) |
| (7) GAP43, MAP2 and SYN expression | (7) |
| (8) GAP43, MAP2 and SYN positive cells | (8) |
| (9) Lipofuscin-positive cells | (9) |
|
| Ma et al. [28] | NIH mice (male, 6/6) | 18-20 g | NR | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Sodium pentobarbital | Water extract (0.02 g g-1, ig); after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | Normal saline (same volume, ig) after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) Beta-amyloid IOD | (2) |
| NIH mice (male, 6/6) | 18-20 g | NR | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Sodium pentobarbital | Defatted decoction (0.02 g g-1, ig); after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | Normal saline (same volume, ig) after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) Beta-amyloid IOD | (2) |
| NIH mice (male, 6/6) | 18-20 g | NR | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Sodium pentobarbital | Essential oil (0.02 g g-1, ig); after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | Normal saline (same volume, ig) after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) Beta-amyloid IOD | (2) |
|
| Tian et al. [29] | NIH mice (male, 6/6) | 18-20 g | NR | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Sodium pentobarbital | Water extract (0.02 g g-1, ig); after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | Normal saline (0.2 ml/10 g, ig); after surgery; once daily for 3 weeks | (1) MWM test (number of platform crossing) | (1) |
| (2) NOS activity | (2) |
| NIH mice (male, 6/6) | 18- 0 g | NR | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Sodium pentobarbital | Defatted decoction (0.02 g g-1, ig); after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | Normal saline (0.2 ml/10 g, ig); after surgery; once daily for 3 weeks | (1) MWM test (number of platform crossing) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (time spent in target quadrant) | (2) |
| (3) NOS activity | (3) |
| NIH mice (male, 6/6) | 18-20 g | NR | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Sodium pentobarbital | Essential oil (0.02 g g-1, ig); after the first MWM test; once daily for 3 weeks | Normal saline (0.2 ml/10 g, ig); after surgery; once daily for 3 weeks | (1) MWM test (number of platform crossing) | (1) |
| (2) NOS activity | (2) |
|
| Zhou et al. [30] | SD rats (male, 10/10) | | NR | Scopolamine-induced AD model | NR | Essential oil (12 g kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 21 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 21 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (number of platform crossing) | (2) |
| (3) GFAP - positive cells | (3) |
| (4) SOD content | (4) |
| (5) MDA content | (5) |
|
| Wang GM et al., 2017 | Kunming mice (mix, 12/12) | 5-6 weeks | NR | Chronic restraint stress-induced cognitive impairments mode | NR | Essential oil (4.5 g kg-1, ig), onset the experiment; twice daily for 28 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 28 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (number of platform crossing) | (2) |
| (3) Body mass | (3) |
| (4) Plasma cortisol levels | (4) |
|
| Hu et al. [32] | Kunming mice (male, 11/11) | 18-20 g | NR | Sodium nitrite-induced amnesic model | NR | Essential oil (0.053 g kg-1, ig); 21 d before sodium nitrite injection; once daily for 21 d | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); 21 d before sodium nitrite injection; once daily for 21 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| Kunming mice (male, 11/11) | 18-20 g | NR | Sodium nitrite-induced amnesic model | NR | Defatted decoction (5 g kg-1, ig); 21 d before sodium nitrite injection; once daily for 21 d | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); 21 d before sodium nitrite injection; once daily for 21 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| Kunming mice (male, 11/11) | 18-20 g | NR | Sodium nitrite-induced amnesic model | NR | α-Asarone (0.024 g kg-1, ig); 21 d before sodium nitrite injection; once daily for 21 d | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); 21 d before sodium nitrite injection; once daily for 21 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | |
| Kunming mice (male, 11/11) | 18-20 g | NR | Sodium nitrite-induced amnesic model | NR | β-Asarone (0.037 g kg-1, ig); 21 d before sodium nitrite injection; once daily for 21 d | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); 21 d before sodium nitrite injection; once daily for 21 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| Kunming mice (male, 11/11) | 18-20 g | NR | Ethanol-induced amnesic model | NR | Essential oil (0.053 g kg-1, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| Kunming mice (male, 11/11) | 18-20 g | NR | Ethanol-induced amnesic model | NR | Defatted decoction (5 g kg-1, ig); 21d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| Kunming mice (male, 11/11) | 18-20 g | NR | Ethanol-induced amnesic model | NR | α-Asarone (0.024 g kg-1, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | |
| Kunming mice (male, 11/11) | 18-20 g | NR | Ethanol-induced amnesic model | NR | β-Asarone (0.037 g kg-1, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| Kunming mice (male, 11/11) | 18-20 g | NR | Sodium pentobarbital-induced amnesic model | NR | Essential oil (0.053 g kg-1, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | (1) EY-M test (number of errors) | (1) |
| Kunming mice (male, 11/11) | 18-20 g | NR | Sodium pentobarbital-induced amnesic model | NR | Defatted decoction (5 g kg-1, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | (1) EY-M test (number of errors) | (1) |
| Kunming mice (male, 11/11) | 18-20 g | NR | Sodium pentobarbital-induced amnesic model | NR | α-Asarone (0.024 g kg-1, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | (1) EY-M test (number of errors) | (1) |
| Kunming mice (male, 11/11) | 18-20 g | NR | Sodium pentobarbital-induced amnesic model | NR | β-Asarone (0.037 g kg-1, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | Tween 80 (same volume, ig); 21 d before ethanol injection; once daily for 21 d | (1) EY-M test (number of errors) | (1) |
|
| Chen et al. [33] | ICR mice (male, 10/10) | | Random number table | D-gal-induced dementia model | NR | Water extract (70, 35, 17.5, or 8.75 mg kg-1, ig); 1 week after D-galactose injection; once daily for 7 weeks | Distilled water (same volume, ig); 1 week after D-galactose injection; once daily for 7 weeks | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (number of platform crossing) | (2) |
| (3) MDA levels | (3) |
| (4) SOD activity | (4) |
|
| Gu et al. [34] | ICR mice (male, 10/10) | | Random number table | Scopolamine-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Water extract (70, 35, 17.5, or 8.75 mg kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 2 weeks | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 2 weeks | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| ICR mice (male, 10/10) | | Random number table | NaNO2-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Water extract (70, 35, 17.5, or 8.75 mg kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 2 weeks | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 2 weeks | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| ICR mice (male, 10/10) | | Random number table | Ethanol-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Water extract (70, 35, 17.5, or 8.75 mg kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 2 weeks | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 2 weeks | (1) ST test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) ST test (number of errors) | (2) |
| (3) AchE activity | (3) |
| Wistar rats (male, 10/10) | | NR | Scopolamine-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Water extract (35, 17.5, or 8.75 mg kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 4 weeks | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 2 weeks | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (number of platform crossing) | (2) |
|
| Wu et al., 2004 | Aged NIH mice (male, 10/10) | NR | NR | Aged mice | NR | Essential oil (0. 01075 ml g-1, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 10 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 10 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) AchE activity | (2) |
| (3) C-jun express | (3) |
| Aged NIH mice (male, 10/10) | NR | NR | Aged mice | NR | β-Asarone (0. 01075 ml g-1, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 10 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 10 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (number of errors) | (2) |
| (3) AchE activity | (3) |
| (4) C-jun express | (4) |
| Aged NIH mice (male, 10/10) | NR | NR | Aged mice | NR | Water extract (0. 01075 ml g-1 g, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 10 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 10 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) AchE activity | (2) |
| (3) C-jun express | (3) |
| Kunming mice (male, 10/10) | NR | NR | Ethanol-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Water extract (0. 01075 ml g-1, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 10 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 10 d | (1) ST test (escape latency) | (1) |
| Kunming mice (male, 10/10) | NR | NR | NaNO2-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Essential oil (0. 01075 ml g-1, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 10 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 10 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test(number of errors) | (2) |
| Kunming mice (male, 10/10) | NR | NR | NaNO2-induced dysmnesia model | NR | β-Asarone (0. 01075 ml g-1, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 10 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 10 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| Kunming mice (male, 10/10) | NR | NR | NaNO2-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Water extract (0. 01075 ml g-1, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 10 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 10 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| Kunming mice (male, 10/10) | NR | NR | Scopolamine-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Essential oil (0. 01075 ml g-1, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 10 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 10 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| Kunming mice (male, 10/10) | NR | NR | Scopolamine-induced dysmnesia model | NR | β-Asarone (0. 01075 ml g-1, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 10 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 10 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| Kunming mice (male, 10/10) | NR | NR | Scopolamine-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Water extract (0. 01075 ml g-1, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 10 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 10 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test(number of errors) | (2) |
|
| Wen et al., 2009 | ICR mice (mix, 10/10) | | NR | Ethanol-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Water extract (3 and 12 g kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 14 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 14 d | (1) ST test (escape latency) | (1) |
| ICR mice (mix, 10/10) | | NR | NaNO2-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Essential oil (3 and 12 g kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 14 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 14 d | (2) EY-M test (number of errors) | (1) |
| ICR mice (mix, 10/10) | | NR | Scopolamine-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Water extract (3 and 12 g kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 14 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 14 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| ICR mice (mix, 10/10) | | NR | Scopolamine-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Essential oil (3 and 12 g kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 14 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 14 d | (1) SD test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SD test (number of errors) | (2) |
| ICR mice (mix, 10/10) | | NR | Scopolamine-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Water extract (3 and 12 g kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 14 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 14 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| ICR mice (mix, 10/10) | | NR | Scopolamine-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Essential oil (3 and 12 g kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 14 d | NS (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; twice daily for 14 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
|
| Yang et al. [37] | SD rats (male, 12/12) | | NR | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | NR | β-Asarone (10, 20, and 30 mg kg-1, ig); after the model finished; twice daily for 28 d | NS (same volume, ig); after the model finished; once daily for 28 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (number of platform crossing) | (2) |
| (3) Astrocyte activity | (3) |
|
| Zhou et al. [38] | SD rats (male,10/10) | 200-250 g | NR | D-gal- and AlCl3-induced AD model | NR | α-Asarone (10, 25 mg kg-1, ip); after the after model finished; once daily for 28 d | NS (same volume, ip); after the model finished; once daily for 28 d | (1) MWM test (number of platform crossing) | (1) |
| (2) Aβ and tau protein expression | (2) |
| (3) ACh levels | (3) |
| (4) AChE levels | (4) |
| (5) ChAT levels | (5) |
|
| Jiang et al., 2007 | Kunming mice (mix, 10/10) | 18-20 g | NR | AlCl3-induced AD model | NR | β-Asarone (1.06, 2.12, and 4.24 mg 100 g-1, ig); after the model finished; once daily for 2 months | NS (same volume, ig); after the model finished; once daily for 2 months | (1) MWM test (number of errors) | (1) |
| (2) SOD levels | (2) |
| (3) MAD levels | (3) |
|
| Huang et al. [40] | FMR1gene knock mice (16/17) | 17-18 g | NR | Fragile X syndrome model | NR | α-Asarone (3, 6, 9, 12, 24 mg kg-1, ip); onset the experiment; once daily for 8 d | NS (same volume, ip); onset the experiment; once daily for 8 d | (1) SD test (number of errors) | (1) |
| (2) P-Akt expression | (2) |
| (3) Akt expression | (3) |
|
| Wang BL et al., 2017 | SD rats (male, 15/15) | | Random number table | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Phenytoin sodium | β-Asarone (10, 20, and 30 mg kg-1, ig); after the model finished; once daily for 4 weeks | NS (same volume, ig); after the model finished; once daily for 4 weeks | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (number of platform crossing) | (2) |
| (3) HIF levels | (3) |
|
| Guo et al. [42]. | Kunming mice (male, 11/11) | | Random block allocation method | Scopolamine-induced AD model | NR | β-Asarone (21.2 mg kg-1, ig); after the model finished; once daily for 14 d | NS (same volume, ig); after the model finished; once daily for 14 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
|
| Jiang et al. [43] | Wistar rats (mix, 8/8) | 250-300 g | NR | STZ-induced AD model | NR | Essential oil (5, 10 and 20 g kg-1, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 20 d | Solvent (same volume, ig); onset the experiment; once daily for 20 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) SOD levels | (2) |
| (3) MAD levels | (3) |
|
| Yang et al. [44] | Wistar rats (10/10) | | NR | PTZ-induced epilepsy model | NR | α-Asarone (29 mg kg-1, ig); after PTZ injection; twice daily for 7 d | NS (same volume, ig); after PTZ injection; twice daily for 7 d | (1) MWM test (number of platform crossing) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (time spent in target quadrant) | (2) |
| Wistar rats (10/10) | | NR | PTZ-induced epilepsy model | NR | AGA (2.35 g kg-1, ig); after PTZ injection; twice daily for 7 d | NS (same volume, ig); after PTZ injection; twice daily for 7 d | (1) MWM test (number of platform crossing) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (time spent in target quadrant) | (2) |
|
| Wang et al. [45] | ICR mice (mix, 10/10) | | NR | Scopolamine-induced dysmnesia model | NR | Essential oil (100, 150, and 300 mg kg-1, ig); before the experiment; once daily for 7 d | NS (same volume, ig); before the experiment; once daily for 7 d | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) MWM test (number of platform crossing) | (2) |
| (3) MWM test (time spent in target quadrant) | (3) |
|
| Ma et al. [46] | SD rats (male, 6/6) | 260-280 g | NR | Aβ1-42-induced AD model | Sodium pentobarbital | β-Asarone (12.5, 25, 50 mg kg-1, ig); after the model finished; once daily for 4 weeks | NS (same volume, ig); after the model finished; once daily for 4 weeks | (1) MWM test (escape latency) | (1) |
| (2) GA P-43 mRNA levels | (2) |
| (3) SYP mRNA levels | (3) |
| (4) PSD-95 mRNA levels | |
|
