Progressive Rotavirus Infection Downregulates Redox-Sensitive Transcription Factor Nrf2 and Nrf2-Driven Transcription Units

Figure 3

Modulation of Nrf2 during RV-SA11 infection is transduced to matched the response from Nrf2-driven transcription units. (a) Extracts from mock- and RV-SA11-infected (3, 6, 9, and 12 hours) MA104 cells were subjected to SDS-PAGE/western blotting for checking expressions of Nrf2, pNrf2 (Ser40), HO-1, HO-2, NQO1, and SOD1. Relative fold changes of proteins are represented; the symbols “ns” and “” represent comparisons with respect to the first lane; “#” represents comparison with respect to the RV-SA11 group infected for 3 hours. (b, c) Hemin-treated (5 μM; added at 3 hpi) MA104 cells were either mock infected or infected with RV-SA11 (for 9 hours). One set of cells was kept as the Hemin-untreated mock-infected control. (b) mRNA and (c) protein level expressions of Nrf2, pNrf2 (Ser40), HO-1, HO-2, NQO1, and SOD1 were analyzed by (b) quantitative real-time PCR and (c) SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting. (b, c) Relative fold changes of (b) transcripts and (c) proteins are represented; the symbols “ns” and “” represent comparisons with respect to the mock-infected Hemin-untreated control; “#” represents comparison with respect to the mock-infected Hemin-treated group. (d, e) Hemin- (5 μM)/vehicle- (H₂O) treated RV-SA11-infected and mock-infected (9 hpi) cells were processed for visualization of HO-1 fluorescence by confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 20 μM. (e) HO-1 CTCF from each panel of (d) was represented. “” and “#” represent comparisons with respect to Hemin-untreated mock-infected and Hemin-treated mock-infected groups, respectively.

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