| | Reference | Plant extract, dose, way and time of treatment, and animals | Inducing factor and negative effects | Protective effects of plant material | Effects of plant per se |
| | Taguchi et al. [118] | Sakuranetin, a flavonoid obtained from methanol extract of aerial portions of Baccharis retusa by successive extraction and separation from CH2Cl2 phase
Posttreatment -20 mg/kg via intranasal instillation on days 0, 7, 14, and 28 (the end of the experiment)
C57BL6 male mice, 7-9-week-old, 25 g | Emphysema induced by elastase, 50 μL (6.6 units/mg), an intranasal drop (0.667 IU)
BALF: macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, total cells ↑
Lung: NF-κB, M-CSF, IL-1β, MCP-1, TNF-α ↑, expression of TIMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-12 ↑
Lung: collagen and elastic fiber deposition ↑ | BALF: eosinophils (-), macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, total cells (++)
Lung: MCP-1 (+), M-CSF, IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB (+++), expression of TIMP-1 ↑, expression of MMP-9, MMP-12 (++)
Lung: collagen and elastic fiber deposition (++) | BALF: eosinophils ↑ |
| | Kaveh et al. [117] | Portulaca oleracea leaves, 70% ethanol extract
1, 2 and 4 mg/mL in drinking water for 21 days
Male Wistar rats, about 220 g | Asthma rats sensitized on days 1, 2, and 3 by 1 mg/kg of ovalbumin (OVA)+100 mg Al(OH)3, i.p., and exposed to 1% OVA aerosol for 20 min on days 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21
Serum: thiol, SOD, CAT ↓, NO2-, NO3-, MDA ↑
Blood: lymphocytes ↓, total WBC, eosinophils, neutrophils ↑ | Serum: thiol and MDA (0 1, + 2, ++ 4), SOD (0 1, + 2, +++ 4), CAT (0 1, ++ 2 and 4), NO2- (++ 1, +++ 2 and 4), NO3- (++ all doses)
Blood: neutrophils and lymphocytes (0 1, ++ 2, +++ 4), eosinophils (0 1, +++ 2 and 4), total WBC (+++ all doses) | Not studied |
| | Wang et al. [119] | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. f. alba root aqueous extract
4.6 or 14 g/kg b.w. daily in the drinking water, 21 days after MCT
Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 200-220 g | Pulmonary hypertension animal model caused by monocrotaline (MCT)—a single dose of 60 mg/kg b.w., s.c.
Mean pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular systolic pressure ↑
Plasma: NO, 6-Keto-PGF1α ↓, ET-1 and TXB2 ↑
Lung: TGF-β1 ↑ | Mean pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular systolic pressure (++ both doses)
Plasma: 6-Keto-PGF1α and TXB2 (++ both doses), NO, ET-1 (++ 4.6, +++ 14)
Lung: TGF-β1 (++ both doses) | Not studied |
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