The Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

Table 2

Blood levels of oxidative stress markers in autistic patients.

Marker/specimen	Units	Values ASD		value	Reference
		Autistic children	Controls
Lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) in the temporal cortex	mmol/mg protein	About 21^#	About 15^#	<0.05	[31]
Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA)	nmol/mL ()			<0.001	[32]
Serum malondialdehyde (MDA)	nmol/mL ()			≤0.001	[33]
RBC thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)	mmol/g Hb ()			<0.001	[32]
Plasma protein carbonyl	nmol/mL ()			<0.0001	[34]
Serum 8OHdG	ng/mL ()			≤0.001	[33]
Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx)	U/L ()		24.2	<0.0001	[35]
Serum catalase (CAT)	UAE/L (mean ± SD)			≤0.001	[33]
RBC catalase (CAT)	k/g Hb ()			<0.001	[32]
RBC superoxide dismutase (SOD)	U/g Hb ()			<0.001	[32]
Plasma reduced glutathione (GSH)	μmol/L ()			<0.0001	[36]
Plasma glutathione (GSH)	μmol/L ()			<0.0001	[37]
Plasma oxidized glutathione (GSSG)	nmol/L ()			<0.001	[37]
MT-1A expression in blood	N/A	Higher (no data available)	N/A	≤0.001	[38]

Note: the data are from references 31–38. RBC: C red blood cell; SD: standard deviation. ^#Values were estimated from the figure. N/A: not applicable, i.e., the lack of data in a form or table.