Identifying Plant-Based Natural Medicine against Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Table 1

Commonly used plants against neurodegenerative disorders.

Plant name	Parts used	Active compound	Action	References
Ginkgo biloba L	Leaves	Quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin	Improves cerebral blood flow	[50]
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer	Arial parts and root	Aglycones, protopanaxadiol, and propanaxatriol	Promotes neuron survival, increasing the levels of neurotrophic factors	[51]
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi	Arial parts and root	Baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin	Protect neurons from oxidative damage	[52]
Curcuma longa L	Rhizome	Curcumin	Inhibition of cytokine production and microglia activation	[53]
Vitis vinifera L.	Fruits and seeds	Resveratrol, quercetin, and catechin	Neuroprotective effects	[54]
Salvia officinalis L.	Leaves and flowers	1,8-Cineole, camphor, borneol, caryophyllene, and linalool	Anticholinesterase activity	[55]
Coffea spp.	Seeds	Caffeine	Acts on adenosine receptors	[56]
Camellia sinensis Kuntze	Leaves	Epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, myricetin, quercetin, kaempherol, epicatechin	Antioxidants, protects from oxidative stress, reduces amyloid proteins	[57]
Bacopa monniera (L.) Pennel	Whole plant	Herpestine, d-mannitol, hersaponin, and monnierin	Enhancing neuronal synthesis, kinase activity, restoration of synaptic activity, and nerve impulse transmission	[58]
Centella asiatica (L.) urban	Leaves	Asiaticoside, brahmoside, brahminoside, asiatic acid, madecassic acid, brahmic acid, isobrahmic acid, and betulic acid	Antioxidant action, acetylcholine esterase inhibitor activity	[59]
Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pennell	Roots	Glycosides, terpenoids, phenylethanoid, glycosides, and phenolic glycosides	Neuritogenic activity	[58]