A Review on Oxidative Stress, Diabetic Complications, and the Roles of Honey Polyphenols

Figure 4

Potential mechanisms contributing to the beneficial effects of polyphenols by protecting cells against oxidative stress. Abbreviations: CAT—catalase; GPx—glutathione peroxidase; NF-κB—nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B-cells; Nrf-2—nuclear factor erythroid 2; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SOD—superoxide dismutase.