Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Target

Figure 2

The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration. The dysfunctional mitochondria could cause a series of cascade reactions, leading to increased oxidative stress, senescence, apoptosis, and ECM catabolism of disc cells, involved in the pathology of IVD degeneration.