Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Intervertebral Disc Degeneration In Vivo and In Vitro: A Critical Review

Figure 1

Mechanism of PRP on intervertebral disc cells and degenerated intervertebral disc. PRP: platelet-rich plasma; P-PRP: pure PRP; L-PRP: leukocyte platelet-rich PRP; P-PRF: pure platelet-rich fibrin; L-PRF: leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin; IVD: intervertebral disc; GFs: growth factors; APs: adhesive proteins; MMPs: matrix metalloproteinases; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; COX: cyclooxygenase; AGN: aggrecan; COL: collagen; Sox-9: SRY-related high-mobility group box-9; NPCs: nucleus pulposus cells; AFCs: annulus fibrosus cells.