The Effects of Alpha-Linolenic Acid on the Secretory Activity of Astrocytes and β Amyloid-Associated Neurodegeneration in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells: Alpha-Linolenic Acid Protects the SH-SY5Y cells against β Amyloid Toxicity

Figure 10

The CM and ALA-CM pretreatment regulated the mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. RT-qPCR results indicated that Amyloid β (Aβ1-42) significantly decreased mRNA levels of PGC-1α (a), mTFA (b), Mfn2 (c), and OPA1 (d), and increased levels of Drp1 (e). Amyloid β (Aβ) Aβ1-42-induced reduction on mitochondrial biogenesis was restored by CM and ALA-preactivated CM. Moreover, the CM and ALA-CM pretreatment regulated the balance between fission and fusion processes. Cotreatment of CM and ALA-CM with Insulin Degrading Enzyme (IDE) decreased mRNA expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and promoted the elevation of mRNA levels of Drp1, a fission gene. On the day 6th, the SH-SY5Y cells (differentiated) were pretreated for 1 h with CM or ALA-CM before the addition of 5 μM Aβ1-42 for the next 24 h. The SH-SY5Y cells were also exposed to cotreatment of CM and ALA-CM with IDE to check whether insulin and IGF-I presence in CM and ALA-CM was responsible for the neuroprotective effect. The positive control was the SH-SY5Y cells treated with carbonyl-cyano-m-chlorophenylhydrazone-CCCP (10 μM). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test at the 0.05 level was used to determine differences between the treated cells and untreated control cells. Results are presented as (). RT-qPCR fold increase was calculated according to the formula described in the Materials and Methods section. Statistical differences between the treated cells and untreated control cells are indicated by asterisks ( for ; for ; for ; # versus the control; # versus the control group).

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