Potential Role of Antioxidants as Adjunctive Therapy in Chagas Disease

Table 2

Evidence supporting antioxidant use in Chagas disease as revealed by research in humans.

Ref.	Author	Patients with chronic Chagas heart disease (ChD)	Antioxidant	Treatment	Oxidative stress markers examined
[96]	Macao et al., 2007		Vitamin E (800 UI/day) and vitamin C (500 mg/day)	Benznidazole (5 mg/kg) for 2 months, vitamins for 6 months	SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, GSH, TBARS, PCN, NO, MPO, GGT
[98]	Barbosa et al., 2014	, 41% males, 31-67 years old	Vitamin E (800 UI/day) and vitamin C (500 mg/day)	Benznidazole (5 mg/kg/day) for 2 months, vitamins for 6 months	SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, GSH, TBARS, PCN
[97]	Ribeiro et al., 2010		Vitamin E (800 UI/d) and vitamin C (500 mg/d)	Benznidazole (5 mg/kg) for 2 months, vitamins for 6 months	SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, GSH, TBARS, PCN, NO, MPO, ADA
[99]	Budni et al., 2012	, 21-70 years old	Carvedilol (37.5 mg/day)	6 months	SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, GSH, TBARS, PCN, NO, MPO, ADA
[100]	Budni et al., 2013	, 21-70 years old	Carvedilol (37.5 mg/day) and vitamin E as above	6 months	SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, GSH, TBARS, PCN, NO, MPO, ADA

Abbreviations: SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; MDA: malondialdehyde; GSH: glutathione; GST: glutathione S-transferase; GR: glutathione reductase; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; PCN: protein carbonyl levels; NO: nitric oxide; MPO: myeloperoxidase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; ADA: adenosine deaminase.