Cell Senescence: A Nonnegligible Cell State under Survival Stress in Pathology of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Figure 2

The role of cell senescence in the pathogenesis of IDD. Cell senescence occurs in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stressors in intervertebral discs. The primary senescent disc cells cause chronic inflammations, immune cell recruitment, and ECM degeneration through SASP. The deterioration of tissue microenvironment and persistent stress cause the accumulation of senescent cells which further accelerates tissue remodeling and eventually leads to IDD.