Targeting the Nrf2/ARE Signalling Pathway to Mitigate Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy: Plausible Role of Hesperetin in Redox Homeostasis

Analysis of oxidative stress markers that were modified in cardiac hypertrophy. (a) Comparison of lipid peroxidation. Units: LPO (nmoles of MDA/mg protein). (b) Protein carbonyl content between control and experimental groups; PC (nmole/mg protein). (c) Hesperetin augments the antioxidant status. Units: superoxide dismutase—amount of enzyme required to prevent 50% autooxidation of pyrogallol/min/mg protein. (d) Catalase (μmoles of H₂O₂ consumed/min/mg protein). (e) Glutathione peroxidase (μmoles of GSH oxidized/min/mg protein). (f) Glutathione reductase (μmoles of NADPH consumed/min/mg protein). (g) GSH/GSSG ratio. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM, and each experiment conducted three repeats per condition. for each group. Statistical significance () was calculated by Student-Newman-Keuls and Tukey post hoc tests.