Effect of Metformin on Locomotor Function Recovery in Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model: A Meta-analysis

Table 1

Summary of studies included in the meta-analysis.

Study	Country	Animals	Model (type and level of SCI)	Groups ()	Administration time; treatment duration	Motor function; evaluation time
Wang et al. (2016)	China	Female SD rats, 180-220 g	Contusion; T9-10	A: sham (); B: SCI+vehicle (); C: SCI+met (100 mg/kg, ip.) (); D: SCI+MET-PC (200 mg/kg, ip.) ()	Group C: instantly, 3 d; Group D: pretreated for 2 weeks before SCI	BBBs; 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 d
Zhang et al. (2017a)	China	Female SD rats, 220-250 g	Compression; T9	A: SCI+vehicle (); B: SCI+met (50 mg/kg, ip.) ()	Instantly; 14 d	BBBs; 1, 3, 7, 14 d
Zhang et al. (2017b)	China	Female SD rats, 220-250 g	Compression; T9	A: SCI+vehicle (); B: SCI+met (50 mg/kg, ip.) ()	Instantly; 28 d	BBBs; 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 d
Guo et al. (2018)	China	Female SD rats, 200-240 g	Contusion; T9-10	A: sham (); B: SCI+vehicle (); C: SCI+met (10 mg/kg, ip.) ()	Instantly; 3 d	BBBs; 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 d
Afshari et al. (2018)	Iran	Male SD rats, 240-260 g	Contusion; T9	A: sham (); B: SCI+vehicle (); C: SCI+met (10 mg/kg, ip.) (); D: SCI+met (50 mg/kg, ip.) (); E: SCI+met (100 mg/kg, ip.) (); F: SCI+minocycline (90 mg/kg, ip.) ()	Instantly; 1 d	BBBs; 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 d
Zhang et al. (2020)	China	Male SD rats, 180-200 g	Contusion; T8-9	A: sham+vehicle (); B: SCI+vehicle (); C: SCI+met (50 mg/kg, ip.) (); D: SCI+met+XAV939 (0.4 mg/kg, ip.) (); E: SCI+methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg, ip.) ()	Instantly; 14 d	BBBs; 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 d
Wang et al. (2020)	China	Female SD rats, 220-250 g	Compression; T9	A: sham (); B: SCI+vehicle (); C: SCI+met (50 mg/kg, ip.) (); D: SCI+met+LY294002 (1.2 mg/kg, ip.); ()	Instantly; 7, 14 d	BBBs; 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 d

SD: Sprague-Dawley; met: met; SCI: spinal cord injury; ip.: intraperitoneal injection; BBBs: Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale; T: thoracic vertebrae; d: day; MET-PC: metformin preconditioning.