H2A.X Phosphorylation in Oxidative Stress and Risk Assessment in Plasma Medicine

Figure 3

Particle model of the three classical states of matter and active components of the nonclassical fourth state: physical plasma. In the solid state, atoms are held in their position by strong, attractive forces and form a rigid framework. When energy is supplied, the bonds break, the atoms lose their regular order, and the substance liquefies. With a further increase in energy, the atoms lose their cohesion and move freely in space in the gaseous state. Additional energy supply to a gas (ionization) creates gas in an excited state (plasma), a multicomponent system made up of physical and biological-chemical active components. Blue: ions; red: electrons.