Supplemental N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Limit A1-Specific Astrocyte Polarization via Attenuating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Ischemic Stroke in Mice

Figure 2

N-3 PUFAs influence the astrocyte polarization both in vivo and in vitro. (a) The brain regions of hippocampus were shown. (b) N-3 PUFA-fed mice and control mice underwent tMCAO procedure. The brain frozen cryosections were conducted with immunofluorescence staining for C3 and S100β. (c) The levels of C3 and S100β in brain tissue were evaluated using Western blot. (d–g) Primary astrocytes were cultured under 1% or 21% oxygen, respectively, followed by reoxygenation. The protein level of C3 in the astrocytes were determined by Western blotting (d) and immunostaining analysis (e) of C3 and S100β in primary cultural astrocytes. Additionally, the mRNA levels of A1 markers (f) and A2 markers (g) were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. . One of the three independent experiments is shown. NS: not significant. and (a). Scale bar in (e) is 20 μm.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)