Low-Intensity Exercise Routine for a Long Period of Time Prevents Osteosarcopenic Obesity in Sedentary Old Female Rats, by Decreasing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Increasing GDF-11

Figure 4

Inflammatory profile. The inflammatory profile was determined using the Bioplex assay. The concentrations of different cytokines: IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-18, MCP-1, MIP-1a, MIP-3a, M-CSF, IFN-γ, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-KC, RANTES, VEGF, and TNF-α, were evaluated, ratios in the serum of female Wistar rats at 4, 8, 12, 18, 22, and 24 months of sedentary and exercised age (a). Ratio TNF-α/IL-10 (b) and ratio IL-6/IL-10 (c). Values presented are the of independent experiments (). The differences between the experimental groups with respect to the sedentary group are marked with the letter , and differences between ages were determined by comparing each age with its predecessor and are denoted as .

(a)

(b)

(c)