Phenolic Compounds of Red Wine Aglianico del Vulture Modulate the Functional Activity of Macrophages via Inhibition of NF-κB and the Citrate Pathway

Figure 2

RWP affected the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 cytokines. Primary human monocytes were incubated with RWP and activated to macrophages with 1 μg/mL LPS. Twenty-four hours later, the concentrations of the proinflammatory IL-1β (a), IL-6 (b), and TNF-α (c) and anti-inflammatory IL-10 (d) cytokines in cell culture supernatants were measured. Values represent the of three independent experiments with four replicates in each. According to one-way ANOVA, differences in IL-1β (a), IL-6 (b), TNF-α (c), and IL-10 (d) levels were significant (). Therefore, Tukey’s post hoc test was performed, and different letters indicate significant differences between treatments at . C: control; L: LPS; R20: RWP 20 μg/mL; R200: RWP 200 μg/mL.

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