Hypoxia Induced by Cobalt Chloride Triggers Autophagic Apoptosis of Human and Mouse Drug-Resistant Glioblastoma Cells through Targeting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway

Figure 6

Effects of 3-MA on hypoxia-induced cascade activation of caspases-3 and -6, DNA fragmentation, and cell apoptosis in human drug-resistant glioblastoma cells. Human U87 MG-R glioblastoma cells were pretreated with 1 mM 3-MA for 1 h. Then, the cells were treated with hypoxia for 24 h. (a, b) Cascade activation of caspase-3 and caspase-6 were examined with a fluorometric substrate assay. (c, d) DNA fragmentation and apoptotic cells were analyzed. Mouse GL261-R glioblastoma cells were exposed to hypoxia for 24 h. (e–g) Caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic cells were assayed. Data are expressed as the for . vs. control and ^# vs. U87 MG.

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