Determinants of Resting Oxidative Stress in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men and Women: WASEDA’S Health Study
Table 1
Characteristics of the participants by gender.
All ()
Women ()
Men ()
Age and anthropometric index
Age (years)
BMI (kg/m2)
LBM (kg)
VFA (cm2)
Lifestyle-related parameters
Exercise habits (, %)
300 (34.4)
114 (38.5)
186 (32.2)
Smokers (, %)
54 (6.2)
7 (2.4)
47 (8.1)
Nondrinker (, %)
177 (20.4)
102 (24.3)
75 (18.4)
Medication and supplementation status
Antioxidant supplementation (, %)
116 (13.3)
49 (16.6)
67 (11.6)
Anti-inflammatory medication (, %)
31 (3.6)
14 (4.7)
17 (2.9)
Physical fitness
Leg extension power (W)
CRF (mL/kg/min)
Biochemical parameters
Total-C (mg/dL)
HDL-C (mg/dL)
LDL-C (mg/dL)
TG (mg/dL)
Glucose (mg/dL)
HbA1c (%)
Nutritional intake status
Energy intake (kcal/day)
Vitamin A (μg RAE/day)
Vitamin C (mg/day)
α-Tocopherol (mg/day)
β-Carotene (μg/day)
Data for continuous variables are presented as the (SD), and data for categorical variables are presented as the number of persons () and percentage (%) of applicable persons. BMI: body mass index; LBM: lean body mass; VFA: visceral fat area; CRF: cardiorespiratory fitness; total-C: total cholesterol; HDL-C: HDL cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; glucose: fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: haemoglobin A1c; vitamin A: retinol activity equivalent; β-carotene: β-carotene equivalent.