Review Article

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (Preeclampsia, Gestational Hypertension) and Metabolic Disorder of Pregnancy (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus)

Figure 1

Pathophysiological mechanism of hypertension in preeclampsia, adapted from [37]. Inadequate uterine blood flow to the placenta leads to placental ischemia, which triggers the release of factors such as endothelin-1 (ET-1) and thromboxane (TBX). These factors interrupt endothelial activation factors, namely, nitric oxide (NO) and the prostaglandins (PG2), thus increasing angiotensin II sensitivity. This causes a reduction in renal pressure natriuresis and an increase in total peripheral resistance, thus leading to hypertension.