Roles of Dietary Bioactive Peptides in Redox Balance and Metabolic Disorders

Figure 1

Effects of dietary bioactive peptides on molecular mechanisms involved in redox balance and metabolic disorders. ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; Akt: protein kinase B; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ARE: antioxidant response element; C/EBP: CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins; IRS-1: insulin receptor substrate; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; SREBP1: sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1.