A Literature-Based Update on Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.: Traditional Uses, Nutraceutical, and Phytopharmacological Profiles

Table 2

Antioxidant properties of different parts or their extracts/fractions of isolated compounds.

Extract/isolated compounds	Test system	Results	References
Crude oil from seeds	DPPH; ABTS; TPC	DPPH: ABTS: Significant antioxidant effect; Standards: methyl ether, fatty acids	[56]
Seeds extract	DPPH, ABTS, total phenolic content	Significant antioxidant effect; Standards: methyl ether, fatty acids
Methanolic and aqueous peel extracts	DPPH	Concentration-dependent radical scavenging activity; The methanolic extract exhibited a better antioxidant effect; Standard: DPPH	[29]
Aqueous seeds extract	TPC, TFC; DPPH, ABTS, H2O2, linoleic acid oxidation nitrite scavenging assay	TPC: gallic acid/g; TFC: catechin/g dry mass; DPPH: Concentration-dependent antioxidant activity; Standards: catechin 0.05-0.5 mg/mL, BHT, ascorbic acid 10 mg/mL	[61]
Seed oil	DPPH; ABTS radical scavenging assay	DPPH: The antioxidant activity of the seed oil was lower than the catechin and BHT at the same concentration.; Standard: FAME	[44]
Hispidalin	DPPH; Lipid peroxidation assay	DPPH: Significant DPPH radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation capacity; Standard: methyl ether	[59]
Methanol, ethanol, aqueous peel extracts	DPPH; Reducing power assay	Significant antioxidant effect; Standard: acarbose 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 μg.mL^−1	[17]
Seed extract	DPPH; ABTS	Significant antioxidant effect; Standard: FAME	[28]
Polysaccharides of fruit extract	DPPH	Significant antioxidant effect; Standard: glucose	[50]

Abbreviations: TPC: total phenolic contents; TFC: total flavonoid contents (TFC); ABTS: 2, 2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging ability; BHT: antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene; FAME: fatty acid methyl ester; EC₅₀: the half-maximal effective concentration.