Aspirin plus restraint, swimming stress, indomethacin plus histamine, and serotonin-induced ulcers Rats and mice/in vivo Fresh juice (1-4 mL/animal, p.o.), Dose: ethanol extract 12, 24, and 48 mg/kg, p.o. Dose: petroleum ether extract 0.75, 1.5, 3 mg/kg, p.o.
Dose-dependent anti-ulcerogenic effect The fresh juice treatment for 3 months did not change the indices (i.e., WBC, RBC counts HCT, HB, MCV, MCH urea, and sugar) No behavioural changes in experimental animals.
Prospective pilot study Dyspeptic patients () (baseline between 30-45 days); age 18-45 years; 200 mL single-dose every morning in empty stomach for thirty days