Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Profiles of Spent Coffee Ground Extracts for the Treatment of Neurodegeneration

Figure 10

Expression of proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes in BV-2 cells treated with the extracts. Cells were treated with E1, E2, E3, and E4 (50 μg mL⁻¹) for 24 h, exposed to 100 ng mL-1 LPS for 24 h and TNF-α, IL1-β, iNOS, and COX-2 mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. Data are expressed as relative abundance compared to untreated cells. Each bar represents the of three independent experiments. Data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test. ° vs. CTRL; vs. LPS.