Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Profiles of Spent Coffee Ground Extracts for the Treatment of Neurodegeneration

Figure 11

NF-κB nuclear translocation in BV-2 cells treated with the extracts. Cells were treated with 50 μg mL^-1 of each extracts for 24 h, activated by LPS for 24 h. Cells were immunostained with a primary antibody against NF-κB p65, followed by secondary Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody (green), and cell nuclei (blue) were visualized with DAPI. Scale bar: 10 μm. Tests were performed in triplicate.