Research Article

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Profiles of Spent Coffee Ground Extracts for the Treatment of Neurodegeneration

Figure 12

Effect of the extracts on cell surface expression of TLR4 in BV-2 cells. Cells were treated with E1, 50 μg mL-1 of each extract for 24 h, exposed to 100 ng mL-1 LPS for 24 h, and TLR4 surface expression was evaluated by flow cytometry. Data are expressed as percentage compared to LPS-activated cells. Each bar represents the of three independent experiments. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test. ° vs. CTRL, vs. LPS.