Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle-Carried miRNA-501-5p Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation-Mediated In-Stent Restenosis

Figure 1

Characterization and function of plasma sEV from patients and rats. The isolated small extracellular vesicles (sEV) from patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR) or not (control) were used for the characterization. (a) Representative transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of sEV. (b) Representative results of nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) demonstrating the particle distribution of sEV (). (c) Representative western blots identifying the biomarkers of sEV including CD63 and TSG101 in the same amount of plasma sEV. (d) Representative hematoxylin-eosin stained images of carotid arteries from rat carotid artery balloon injury (CABI) model or sham group (). (e) Representative TEM images of sEV from rats. (f) NTA showing the concentration of sEV (). Values are . and . Ctl-sEV: sEV purified from the plasma of patients without ISR after stent implantation; ISR-sEV: sEV purified from the plasma of patients with ISR after stent implantation; Sham-sEV: sEV purified from the plasma of rats with sham procedure; CABI-sEV: sEV purified from the plasma of rats with carrotid artery stenosis after balloon injury.

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