SS-31 Protects Liver from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Modulating Macrophage Polarization

Figure 5

SS-31 downregulated LPS-induced macrophage polarization in vitro. (a) Representative images of the morphology of Raw264.7 cells stimulated with LPS and SS-31. Scale bars, 100 μm. (b, c) Immunoblot analysis of inflammation-related proteins TNFα, IL1β, and iNOS in Raw264.7 cells treated with LPS and SS-31. (d–f) Levels of mRNAs encoding IL1β, IL6, and CCL2 (M1 markers) in Raw264.7 cells treated with LPS and SS-31. (g) Representative images of immunofluorescence of iNOS (green) and F4/80 (red) in Raw264.7 cells. Scale bars, 100 μm. Data are , , , , and by unpaired Student’s -test.

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