SS-31 Protects Liver from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Modulating Macrophage Polarization

Figure 6

SS-31 preserved mitochondrial function and decreased the level of mtROS. (a) The changes of ROS levels of Raw264.7 cells were assessed by DCFH-DA staining, scale bars, 200 μm. (b, f) Immunoblot analysis of Nrf2, HO-1, and SOD2 in Raw264.7 cells to evaluate the oxidative stress-related signaling changes. (c, d) Flow cytometry analysis of mtROS levels in Raw264.7 cells treating with LPS and SS-31 by staining with MitoSox. (e) The ATP levels were detected by the ATP Assay Kit to evaluate the mitochondrial function. (f) The staining of JC-1 in Raw264.7 cells was conducted to show the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential, scale bars, 20 μm. Data are , , , , and by unpaired Student’s -test.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)