Vinegar/Tetramethylpyrazine Induces Nutritional Preconditioning Protecting the Myocardium Mediated by VDAC1

Figure 6

The mechanism of myocardial protection induced by vinegar/TMP. Vinegar contains TMP. TMP is one of the most important myocardial protective substances in vinegar. “Nutritional preconditioning” through low-dose long-term consumption of vinegar/TMP is shown to trigger myocardial protection, alleviating A/R-induced myocardial damage in vivo and in vitro. Vinegar/TMP pretreatment acts through downregulating VDAC1 expression, inhibiting oxidative stress, and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. VDAC1 is their target, and the mitochondria are their target organelles.