Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Research Article

Serum Sulfhydryl Groups, Malondialdehyde, Uric Acid, and Bilirubin as Predictors of Adverse Outcome in Heart Failure Patients due to Ischemic or Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy

Table 1

Baseline characteristic of the examined group and comparison of subgroups separated on the basis of prognosis.


	ICM			nICM		C vs. D,	A vs. C,	B vs. D,	ANOVA (A-D)
	A (), death or HT	B (), without endpoint	A vs. B,	C (), death or HT	D (), without endpoint	C vs. D,	A vs. C,	B vs. D,	ANOVA (A-D)

General characteristics, median (25^th-75^th percentiles) and (%)
Male	65 (83.33)	308 (86.27)	0.621	38 (86.36)	191 (87.77)	0.837	0.855	0.475	0.813
Age (years)	56.50 (52.00-1.00)	56.00 (52.00-61.00)	0.958	50.00 (43.00-57.50)	49.00 (38.00-55.50)	0.278	<0.001	0.129	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	26.05 (22.09-29.07)	26.45 (24.14-29.30)	0.142	23.44 (20.89-26.43)	26.07 (22.70-29.33)	0.007	0.030	0.285	<0.001
Duration of symptoms (months)	40.58 (13.50-70.43)	33.30 (14.13-64.73)	0.402	59.03 (23.38-86.45)	29.57 (9.58-66.57)	0.004	0.083	0.730	0.018
NYHA class (III-IV)	65 (83.33)	181 (50.70)	<0.001	39 (88.64)	115 (50.44)	<0.001	0.598	0.982	<0.001
T6M (m)	320.0 (233.0-363.0)	378.0 (312.0-407.5)	0.004	346.5 (291.0-409.0)	401.0 (341.0-454.0)	0.090	0.169	0.009	<0.001
Max VO₂ (mL/min/kg)	12.30 (9.80-14.00)	15.20 (12.40-18.70)	<0.001	11.90 (9.70-14.10)	16.00 (13.30-20.10)	<0.001	0.878	0.135	<0.001
LVEDD (mm)	70.00 (65.00-76.00)	68.00 (63.00-75.00)	0.054	73.00 (63.00-78.0)	70.00 (65.00-77.00)	0.525	0.605	0.000	0.059
LVEDV (mL)	232.5 (195.0-314.0)	204.0 (156.0-264.0)	0.002	263.8 (222.0-340.0)	236.0 (179.0-307.0)	0.038	0.041	0.011	<0.001
LVEF (%)	19.00 (16.00-23.00)	25.00 (20.00-33.00)	<0.001	22.50 (17.00-26.00)	23.50 (20.00-29.00)	0.063	0.069	0.034	<0.001
Basic biochemistry, median (25^th-75^th percentiles)
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	14.02 (12.89-14.99)	13.86 (13.05-14.83)	0.792	14.10 (12.81-15.39)	14.18 (13.14-15.29)	0.892	0.329	0.010	0.192
Iron (μmol/L)	14.85 (10.80-19.04)	17.33 (12.38-21.90)	0.005	16.35 (10.40-22.75)	17.95 (12.35-23.60)	0.287	0.301	0.500	0.013
Creatinine (μmol/L)	95.00 (81.0-123.0)	85.0 (72.00-104.0)	0.003	87.50 (78.00-114.5)	81.00 (70.00-97.00)	0.016	0.790	0.149	<0.001
Serum protein (g/L)	72.00 (67.00-76.00)	71.00 (66.00-75.00)	0.224	72.50 (65.00-78.50)	71.00 (67.00-75.00)	0.380	0.577	0.114	0.457
Albumin (g/L)	40.00 (37.00-44.00)	42.00 (39.00-44.00)	0.048	41.00 (38.00-44.00)	42.00 (40.00-45.00)	0.110	0.155	0.123	0.034
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	5.70 (5.00-6.80)	5.60 (5.00-6.20)	0.227	5.30 (4.95-5.95)	5.50 (4.90-6.10)	0.879	0.226	0.597	0.127
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.26 (3.66-5.11)	4.24 (3.65-5.22)	0.576	4.21 (3.35-5.15)	4.35 (3.62-5.20)	0.344	0.110	0.252	0.705
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.16 (0.89-1.63)	1.20 (0.84-1.75)	0.675	1.11 (0.76-1.41)	1.25 (0.93-1.75)	0.022	0.678	0.523	0.134
HDL (mmol/L)	1.08 (0.83-1.35)	1.16 (0.97-1.42)	0.012	1.16 (0.79-1.42)	1.13 (0.93-1.39)	0.512	0.780	0.362	0.064
LDL (mmol/L)	2.52 (1.92-3.18)	2.34 (1.86-3.09)	0.505	2.31 (1.75-3.23)	2.49 (1.93-3.12)	0.854	0.012	0.129	0.878
NT-proBNP (pg/mL/100)	28.50 (15.04-48.10)	11.70 (5.49-23.99)	<0.001	47.24 (22.16-87.99)	13.63 (6.20-28.11)	<0.001	<0.001	0.285	<0.001
Comorbidities, (%)
Diabetes	35 (44.87)	111 (31.09)	0.28	11 (25.00)	43 (18.86)	0.466	0.048	0.002	<0.001
Arterial hypertension	42 (53.85)	221 (61.90)	0.946	20 (45.45)	106 (46.49)	0.969	0.483	0.001	0.002
Atrial fibrillation	17 (21.79)	58 (16.25)	0.313	16 (36.36)	73 (32.02)	0.072	0.127	0.043	<0.001
ICD presence	3 (3.85)	104 (29.13)	0.001	3 (6.82)	91 (39.91)	0.001	0.770	0.009	<0.001
Smoker	21 (26.92)	112 (31.37)	0.001	15 (34.09)	96 (42.11)	0.411	0.531	0.011	0.025
Treatment, (%)
Beta-blockers	77 (98.72)	352 (98.60)	0.650	41 (93.18)	223 (97.81)	0.240	0.942	0.694	0.104
ACE inhibitors, (%)	63 (80.77)	317 (88.80)	0.081	31 (70.45)	199 (87.28)	0.009	0.282	0.673	0.004
ARB	5 (6.41)	38 (10.64)	0.100	5 (11.36)	25 (10.96)	0.853	0.539	0.988	0.687
Loop diuretics, (%)	75 (96.15)	285 (79.83)	0.001	43 (97.73)	211 (92.54)	0.350	0.952	0.001	<0.001
Thiazide diuretics, (%)	12 (15.38)	37 (10.36)	0.283	15 (34.09)	24 (10.53)	0.001	0.031	0.939	<0.001
MRA	73 (93.59)	319 (89.36)	0.355	39 (88.64)	219 (96.11)	0.096	0.539	0.006	0.017
Statins	55 (70.51)	274 (76.75)	0.010	17 (38.64)	120 (52.63)	0.125	0.001	0.001	<0.001
Fibrates	2 (2.56)	15 (4.20)	0.724	0 (0.00)	9 (3.95)	0.379	0.777	0.845	0.518
Digitalis	40 (51.28)	140 (39.22)	0.067	27 (61.36)	117 (51.32)	0.290	0.376	0.005	0.003
XO blockers	27 (34.62)	102 (28.57)	0.357	25 (56.82)	116 (57.14)	0.577	0.029	<0.001	<0.001

BMI: body mass index; NYHA: New York Heart Association functional class; max VO₂: maximum oxygen uptake; LVEDD: left ventricle end-diastolic diameter; LVEDV: left ventricle end-diastolic volume; LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; ICD: implantable cardioverter defibrillator; ACE inhibitor: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; NS: nonsignificant; XO: xanthine oxidase; A: ICM patients (EP+); B: ICM patients (EP-); C: nICM patients (EP+); D: nICM patients (EP-).