Glycyrrhizic Acid Scavenges Reactive Carbonyl Species and Attenuates Glycation-Induced Multiple Protein Modification: An In Vitro and In Silico Study

Figure 7

(a, b) Congo red binding assay of native BSA, Gly-BSA, and GA- and AG-treated Gly-BSA. Absorbance was recorded in the range of 400-700 nm, and the data is the average of three determinants. The data represented the of three independent experiments. (c) Thioflavin T- (ThT-) specific extrinsic fluorescence of native BSA, Gly-BSA, and GA-/AG-treated Gly-BSA samples. The samples were excited at 370 nm, and the emission was recorded at 485 nm. The data represented the of three independent experiments. Significant difference vs. native BSA at ^###. Significant difference vs. Gly-BSA at . (d) ANS-specific fluorescence spectra of native BSA and Gly-BSA in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of GA and AG. The samples were excited at 380 nm, and the emission was recorded between 500 and 600 nm. The data represented the of three independent experiments. Significant difference vs. native BSA at ^###. Significant difference vs. Gly-BSA at .

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