Tackling of Renal Carcinogenesis in Wistar Rats by Silybum marianum Total Extract, Silymarin, and Silibinin via Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Nrf2, PPARγ, NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways

Figure 11

Effect of STE, Sm, and Sb on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in kidney tissues of rats given DEN/AAF/CCl₄. Western blot assay was used to measure the expressions of p/t-PI3K (b) and p/t-Akt (c) proteins in kidney tissues of the experimental groups. Representative immunoblots for quantification of p/t-PI3K and p/t-Akt proteins were depicted in (a). Data are presented as with results from 3 independent biological repeats. , , and were significant as compared with normal control rats, and ^#, ^##, and ^### were significant as compared with the DEN/AAF/CCl₄-administered group. STE+DEN/AAF/CCl₄, Sm+DEN/AAF/CCl₄, and Sb+DEN/AAF/CCl₄: groups orally treated with STE, Sm, and Sb, respectively, from the 1^st week of DEN injection; DEN/AAF/CCl₄+STE, DEN/AAF/CCl₄+Sm, and DEN/AAF/CCl₄+Sb: groups orally treated with STE, Sm, and Sb, respectively, from the 16^th week of DEN injection.

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(b)

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