Tackling of Renal Carcinogenesis in Wistar Rats by Silybum marianum Total Extract, Silymarin, and Silibinin via Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Nrf2, PPARγ, NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways

Table 3

Effects of STE, Sm, and Sb on kidney LPO, SOD, and GPx activities in DEN/AAF/CCl₄-administered rats.

Groups	LPO (nmol MDA/100mg tissue/hour)	SOD (U/g tissue)	GPx (mU/100mg tissue)
Normal control	13.78 ± 1.09	114.30 ± 4.70	165.30 ± 2.39
DEN/AAF/CCl4	22.53 ± 0.99	70.99 ± 2.80	133.10 ± 1.91
STE+DEN/AAF/CCl4	14.47 ± 0.63^###	112.30 ± 7.31^###	152.90 ± 2.13^###
Sm+DEN/AAF/CCl4	13.00 ± 0.34^###	110.60 ± 5.27^###	153.60 ± 1.85^###
Sb+DEN/AAF/CCl4	11.70 ± 0.33^###	115.10 ± 7.07^###	153.80 ± 1.84^###
DEN/AAF/CCl4+STE	11.82 ± 1.14^###	120.70 ± 2.97^###	155.10 ± 2.03^###
DEN/AAF/CCl4+Sm	13.46 ± 0.42^###	113.40 ± 6.02^###	150.60 ± 1.54^###
DEN/AAF/CCl4+Sb	15.45 ± 0.40^###	116.00 ± 1.52^###	155.50 ± 1.48^###

Data are presented as . The number of detected rats is six. , , and were significant as compared with normal control rats, and ^#, ^##, and ^### were significant as compared with the DEN/AAF/CCl₄-administered group. STE+DEN/AAF/CCl₄, Sm+DEN/AAF/CCl₄, and Sb+DEN/AAF/CCl₄: groups orally treated with STE, Sm, and Sb, respectively, from the 1^st week of DEN injection; DEN/AAF/CCl₄+STE, DEN/AAF/CCl₄+Sm, and DEN/AAF/CCl₄+Sb: groups orally treated with STE, Sm, and Sb, respectively, from the 16^th week of DEN injection.