Data-Driven Cluster Analysis of Oxidative Stress Indexes in relation to Vitamin D Level, Age, and Metabolic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin Therapy

Table 2

Basic demographic and clinical parameters in relation to cluster analysis.

Parameter	Cluster 1	Cluster 2	Cluster 3	Cluster 4
	Age (years)	^b	^b			<0.001
Gender (M/F)	10/8	13/10	12/14	15/13	0.885^2
T2DM duration (years)	^b,c	^b,c			<0.001^3
Vitamin D level (nmol/L)	^a,b	^b,c			<0.001^3
Insulin (μU/L)	^c	^b,c			<0.001^3
HOMA-IR	^a	^b,c			0.001^3
FG (mmol/L)	^a,b,c		^c		<0.001^3
HbA1c (%)	^a,b	^c			<0.001
eAG (mmol/L)	^a,b	^c			<0.001
Creatinine (μmol/L)					0.802^3
TC (mmol/L)	^c	^c	^c		<0.001
TG (mmol/L)	^a	^c	^c		<0.001^3
HDL-c (mmol/L)	^a		^a	^a	0.003
LDL-c (mmol/L)	^c	^c	^c		<0.001^3
AST (IU/L)					0.144^3
ALT (IU/L)	^b,c	^c	^c		0.004^3
ALP (IU/L)					0.645^3
GGT (IU/L)		^c	^c		0.025^3
Ca (mmol/L)					0.154
Ca++ (mmol/L)					0.645
CRP (mg/L)					0.418^3
Albumin (g/L)	^c		^c		0.010
WC (cm)					0.253
BMI (kg/m^2)			^a,c		0.036
SBP (mmHg)					0.062
DBP (mmHg)					0.097
TYG	^a,b	^c	^c		<0.001

¹ANOVA; ²chi square; ³Kruskal-Wallis test; ^avs. cluster 2; ^bvs. cluster 3; ^cvs. cluster 4.