Anesthesia-Induced Oxidative Stress: Are There Differences between Intravenous and Inhaled Anesthetics?

Table 1

Inhaled anesthetic agents investigated regarding their effect on oxidative stress.

Study reference	Anesthetic agent	Studied population	Main effect on oxidative stress
[22]	Sevoflurane	Human study	↓ S100B levels, NOX2 and NOX4 protein levels compared with propofol treatment
[24]	Sevoflurane, desflurane	Human study	↑ Genotoxic effects on bronchoalveolar cells; ↑ Plasma levels of 8-OHdG
[29]	Sevoflurane	Human study	Not ↑ risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in infants
[33]	Desflurane	Human study	↑ % of DNA strand breaks, ↑ % of oxidized pyrimidines, ↑ levels of 4-HNE and 8-isoprostane, ↓ % of oxidized pyrimidines
[34]	Desflurane	Human study	↑ LP values and ↓ vitamin E levels 1 hour following desflurane exposure
[35]	Sevoflurane, desflurane	Human study	Significantly greater ↑ in postoperative LOOH, TOS, and OSI levels in desflurane-treated pts compared with sevoflurane
[43]	Isoflurane	Human study	↑ DNA damage, inhibits repair of DNA damage by reducing p53 levels
[51]–[54]	Nitrous oxide	Human study	↑ Sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, DNA single-strand breaks

4-HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; LOOH: lipid hydroperoxide; LP: lipid peroxidation; NOX: NADPH oxidase; OSI: oxidative stress index; PTS: patients; TOS: total oxidant status.