Review Article

Anesthesia-Induced Oxidative Stress: Are There Differences between Intravenous and Inhaled Anesthetics?

Table 2

Intravenous anesthetic agents investigated regarding their effect on oxidative stress.

Study referenceAnesthetic agentStudied populationMain effect on oxidative stress

[62]PropofolHuman study↑ Cell viability, MMP, ↓ ROS, IL-6, and COX2 levels
[64]PropofolHuman studyActivation of the JNK signaling pathway
[65]Propofol, sevofluraneHuman studyOH, 8-isoprostane, micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, ↑ γ-tocopherol, SOD compared with sevoflurane
[72]Propofol, ketamineHuman study↓ LP, SOD, GSH-Px, ↑ TTM, TAC compared with ketamine
[82]Propofol, midazolamHuman study↓ IL-6, IL-8, MDA and ↑ SOD levels compared with midazolam

COX: cyclooxygenase; GSH-Px: glutathione peroxidase; IL: interleukin; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; LP: lipid peroxidation; MDA: malondialdehyde; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; OH: hydroxyl radical; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; TTM: total thiol molecules.